Smart Shiksha

ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਦੀ ਬੁਨਿਆਦ
(Fundamentals of Computer)

Importance of Digital Literacy

In today's fast-paced digital world, digital literacy is no longer optional—it's essential. From job applications and academic assignments to managing personal finances and communicating with others, digital skills play a crucial role in our everyday lives. Digital literacy empowers individuals to navigate the online world responsibly, efficiently, and safely, ensuring they are active participants in a tech-driven society.

Fundamentals of Computer

The fundamentals of computers form the foundation of modern technology. A computer is an electronic device that processes data and performs tasks according to a set of instructions called a program. Understanding the basic components of a computer—such as the input unit, output unit, memory, control unit, and arithmetic logic unit—is essential for operating and working efficiently in the digital age. These components work together to receive data, process it, store it, and produce meaningful output. Learning these basics helps individuals better understand how technology works, making them more effective users and problem-solvers in both academic and professional settings.

Definition and Characteristics of Computer

Chapter 1: Definition and Characteristics of Computer

  • What is a computer?
  • Main characteristics of a computer (Speed, Accuracy, Storage Capacity)
  • Advantages and Disadvantages of a computer
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    History and Evolution of Computers

    Chapter 2: History and Evolution of Computers

  • Generations of Computers
  • Important Inventions (Abacus, Analytical Engine, Turing Machine)
  • Development of Modern Computers
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    Types of Computers

    Chapter 3: Types of Computers

  • Based on Size and Capability (Supercomputer, Mainframe, Microcomputer)
  • Based on Functionality (Analog, Digital, Hybrid)
  • Based on Usage (Desktop, Laptop, Tablet, Smartphone)
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    Main Parts of a Computer

    Chapter 4: Main Parts of a Computer

  • Hardware (Input/Output Devices, CPU, Memory)
  • Software (System Software, Application Software)
  • Data and Interface
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    Input and Output Devices

    Chapter 5: Input and Output Devices

  • Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner)
  • Output Devices (Monitor, Printer, Speaker)
  • Storage Devices (Hard Disk, Pen Drive, Cloud Storage)
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    Operating System and Software

    Chapter 6: Operating System and Software

  • Types of Operating Systems (Windows, macOS, Linux)
  • Application Software (MS Office, Google Chrome, Photoshop)
  • Utility Software (Antivirus, Disk Cleaner)
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    Internet and Networking

    Chapter 7: Internet and Networking

  • Definition and Uses of the Internet
  • Types of Networks (LAN, MAN, WAN)
  • Web Browsers and Search Engines
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    Computer Security and Ethics

    Chapter 8: Computer Security and Ethics

  • Viruses, Malware, and Hacking
  • Password Security and Data Privacy
  • Cyber Laws and Ethical Issues
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    Social Media

    Chapter 9: Social Media

  • Definition of Social Media
  • History of Social Media
  • Popular Social Media Platforms
    • Facebook
    • Instagram
    • Twitter/X
    • WhatsApp
    • YouTube
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    Chapter 1 →